Internship Report on Meezan Bank Essays

Internship Report on Meezan Bank Essays Internship Report on Meezan Bank Paper Internship Report on Meezan Bank Paper Essay Topic: Bless Me Ultima ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Internship training for  the students of Commerce and Business is a complimentary portion of the education,  where students are  put at  various organizations of  their respective  specialization; to see and apply their theoretical knowledge what they have studied dur ing their academic program at the institute. Meezan Bank is one of those organizations where student can achieve his/her academic and  professional knowledge productively. In the preparation of this internship report, I acknowledge the encouragement and assistance given by a number of people from Meezan Bank Ltd. I found every one very co-operative and helpful for providing me the theoretical as well as practical knowledge about the function and operation of the bank. I am heartly grateful to CAD ( Housing) department, Manager CAD The Senior Vice President, Mustafa Mohsin, Assistant Manager Syed Adnan Ali, Officer Aurangzab, Qaiser, Naeem Javed. They have been most supportive people throught my internship. And I want to pay my thanks to Humail Jilani, Sana mehmood, Salman, Kashif, Ali, Rehan, faraz from Car Ijarah. Faraz Ahmed Jalal, Habeeb Siddiqui, Noman Ahmed Akif From Labbaik Laptop. Akrama Farroqi, Salman, Fahad Khan, from Housing. Raza Saeed, Amir, from RMU for their cooperation.. ABSTRACT This report is specially meant for students of commerce. It is concerned to a brief study of the operations, functions, Products and Services of Meezan Bank. Meezan Bank is the largest Islamic Banking Network of pakistan. Islamic banking one of the fastest growing segments of the financial industry. Banks serving the Islamic population must comply with several very specific principles of Islamic law if they hope to retain existing customers and attract new ones. Banks must be ready with specialized products and services and they must put programs in place to train their personnel to support these products and services in order to exist in this competitive marketplace. This Report contains detail of MBL Management structure, products and Functions along with their features. It also includes departmental work in MBL Consumer Head Office. INTRODUCTION OF MEEZAN BANK Meezan Bank Limited, a publicy listed company was incorporated on January 27, 1997 and started its operations as an investment Bank in August that year. In January 2002 Meezan bank was granted as nations full-fledged commercial bank licence as a dedicated Islamic Bank, by The State Bank of Pakistan. Meezan Bank is the first and largest Islamic Bank in Pakistan having a network of over 220 branches in over 60 cities across Pakistan. Meezan Bank offers a complete range of Islamic banking products and services, including free online banking for all Pak Rupee account at all its branches. Meezan Bank today a noteworthy point along with the evaluation of Islamic Banking in pakistan. Meezan Bank  is catering to an increasingly astute and demanding financial consumer who is also becoming keenly aware of Islamic Banking. Meezan Bank bears the critical responsibility of leading the way forward in establishing dynamic and stabled Islamic Banking System. Meezan Bank offereing valuable products and services to its customers without any violation of shariah principles. MISSION VISION STATEMENT OF MEEZAN BANK Vision [pic] |   | | |   | | |Establish Islamic banking as banking of first choice to facilitate the implementation of an equitable| | |economic system, providing a strong foundation for establishing a fair and just society for mankind. | Mission [pic] |   | | |   | | |To be a premier Islamic bank, offering a one-stop shop for innovative   | | |value-added products and services to our customers within the bounds of Shariah, while optimizing | | |the stakehol ders value through an organizational culture based on learning, fairness, respect for | | |individual enterprise and performance. | Service Mission [pic] |   | | |   | | |   | | |To develop a committed service culture which ensures the consistent delivery of our products and | | |services within the highest quality service parameters, promoting Islamic values and ensuring | | |recognition and a quality banking experience to our customers. | SHARIAH SUPERVISORY BOARD MEEZAN BANK The basic principle of Islamic banking follows the laws of Sharia, known as Fiqh al-Muamalat (Islamic rules on transaction). The term â€Å"Islamic banking† is synonymous with â€Å"full-reserve banking† and â€Å"Sharia-compliant banking. † Members of the Shariah Supervisory Board of Meezan Bank are Internationally-renowned scholars, serving on the boards of many Islamic banks operating in different countries. The members of the  Board are: Justice (Retd. ) Muhammad Taqi Usmani ( Chairman) ? Dr. Abdul Sattar Abu Ghuddah ? Sheikh Essam M. Ishaq ? Dr. Muhammad Imran Ashraf Usmani (Shariah Advisor) ? The Board of Directors of Meezan Bank: H. E. Sheikh Ebrahim Bin Khalifa Al-Khalifa  (Chairman) Mr. Abdullateef A. Al-Asfour Mr. Rana Ahmed Humayun Mr. Mohammed Azzaroog Rajab Mr. Ahmed Abdul Rahim Mohamed Mr. Alaa A. Al-Sarawi Mr. Mian Muhammad Younis Mr. Mohammad Abdul Aleem Mr. Irfan Siddiqui  (President CEO) Mr. Ariful Islam  (Chief Operating Officer) MEEZAN BANK SEGMENTS Meezan Bank is managed by a team of professional bankers committed to the cause of Islamic Banking. This single unifying factor unleashes the tremendous power of a dedicated and motivated team committed to fulfilling the Vision and Mission of this Bank. The business segments of the Bank are: Consumer  Banking Corporate Banking Investment Banking Commercial Banking  (including Small and Medium Enterprises) Treasury Financial Institutions Asset Management (managed through a subsidiary Al Meezan Investment Management Ltd. ) PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OF MEEZAN BANK Banks that comply with Islamic law are forbidden to charge interest or late payment fees, which is also considered a type of riba. To minimize risk, banks will often require a large down payment on goods and property, or insist upon large collateral. It is lawful for the Bank to charge a higher price for a good if payments are deferred or collected at a later date since it is considered a trade for goods rather than collecting interest. Sharia-complaint banking products include Mudharabah (profit sharing), Wadiah (safekeeping), Musharakah (joint venture), Murabahah (cost plus) and Ijarah (leasing). Another way that banks work within Islamic laws while trying to turn a profit is by buying an item that the customer wants, and then selling the item to the customer at a higher price. Products Of Meezan Bank 1) Car Ijarah [pic] 2) Housing Finance (MUSHARKAH) [pic] 3) Meezan Lap-Top (MUSSAWAMA) [pic] 4) Meezan Labbaik Ummrah [pic] CAR IJARAH (YOUR OWN CAR. QUICK, AFFORDABLE HALAL! ) An Islamic Ijarah is an asset-based contract, i. e. he Lessor should have ownership of the asset during the period of the contract. Under Islamic Shariah, all ownership related rights and liabilities should lie with the owner while all usage-related rights and liabilities should lie with the user. A conventional lease contract does not distinguish between the nature of these liabilities and places all liabilities on the user of the asset, contradictory to Islamic Shariah. Under Car Ijarah in Meezan Bank, all ownership-related risks lie with the Bank while all usage related risks lie with the user, thus making the Lessor the true owner of the asset and making the income generated through the contract permissible (Halal) for the Bank. MODES OF CAR IJARAH There are two separate entities in Car ijarah. 1) INDIVIDUAL Salaried individuals, With necasary documents and conditions can apply for Car Ijarah Facility. 2) CORPORATE SME’S Small Business Entities. SME’s are legal entities that work on small basis. Sole Propritership Partnership having less than 50 Million current assets are called SME’s. COMMERCIAL To lie in Commercial Entities, A firm must have sales of 300 millions above 50 million current assets. CORPORATE Corporate are those Entities having above 700 millions sales. Mostly the Companies registered under companies Ordinance are corporate firm. Tenure:3 to 5 years Security Deposit:0 to 50% ( 0% S. D is not for Individual Clients, because due to State Bank regulations relaxation can be given to Corprates. ) Key Features of Car Ijarah Low monthly rental. Rental paid after delivery, not in advanced. Fastest processing and delivery. Tracker option available. Minimum security deposit. All new, used, local, imported and luxury vehicles can be financed Additional Car Ijarah features are; Continuation Of Lease Rentals In Case Of Total Loss Or Theft Of Vehicle If the leased vehicle is stolen or completely destroyed, the conventional leasing company continues charging the lease rent till the settlement of the Insurance claim. Under the Islamic system, rent is consideration for usage of the leased asset, and if the asset has been stolen or destroyed, the concept of rental becomes void. As such, in the above-mentioned eventualities, Meezan bank does not charge the lease rental. Takaful Instead of Insurance Legally (in accordance to Pakistan’s Law and Regulations), it is required for all leasing entities to insure the leased assets. As such, Meezan Bank insures its leased assets. Meezan Bank insured its assets through Takaful only, which is Islamic product for insurance. The Islamic Insurance Companies in transactions with Meezan Bank are Pak Kuwait Takaful Pak Qatar Takaful. Permissibility for Penalty of Late Payment of Rent under Islamic Shariah In most contemporary financial leases, an extra monetary amount is charged, in their income, if the rent is not paid on time. This extra amount is the considered as Riba and is Haram. Under Ijarah, the Lessee may be asked to undertake, that if he fails to pay rent on its due date, he will pay certain amount to a charity, which will be administered through the Islamic Bank. For this purpose the bank maintains a charity fund. 2) Easy Home Importance of Halal home finance Owning your own home is one of lifes most important achievements. It represents your security, stability, and is a great blessing in itself. It provides that all-important safety and comfort for you and your loved ones. However, in todays often unpredictable and costly environment, saving the required money can take a lifetime in itself. Rising property prices, taxes, inflation, currency devaluation†¦ its all a very hard bargain. On the other hand, owning your own home and paying an easy installment that takes you step by step towards complete ownership, is so much better than paying a rent which ultimately only adds to your expenses. Added to that is your desire to stay away from interest based financing and be totally Riba-Free, thus  achieving that inner satisfaction and peace of mind you desire so much. Why not have the best of both worlds? Isnt that what you are working so hard for anyway First complete Islamic Home Finance facility in Pakistan! Easy Home is comprehensive, affordable, and totally hassle-free. For at Meezan Bank, people are committed to meeting customers needs, in| |a truly Shariah-compliant manner coupled with dedicated service excellence. | |Islamic Financing on a Dimin ishing Musharakah basis | |With  Easy Home  customer participate with Meezan Bank in a joint ownership of property, where the Bank will provide a certain amount of | |financing usually up to 85%. They agree to a monthly payment to the Bank of which a component is for the use of the home (rent), and | |another for equity share. In fact, the otal monthly payment is  reduced regularly as your share in the property grows. When customers have| |made the full investment that had been agreed, customer become the sole owner with a free and clear title to the property. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Particulars | |Eligibility | | | |Citizenship | |- Pakistani and Non Resident Pakistanis as per policy | | | |Residence Work Address | |Pakistan other countries (NRP) as per policy | | | |Age | |- Minimum age required for a Primary Customer is 25 years. |-Co-applicant must be over 21 years of age. | |- Maximum 65 years old at the time of maturity of facility for Primary Customer . | |- Maximum 70 years old at the time of facility maturity for Co-applicant. | |In case of Salaried Person Applicant and/or Co-applicant, maturity date of facility shall not exceed the date of retirement. | | | |Customer / Applicant | |- Primary (or Single) Co-applicant allowed. | |- Co-applicant must be a member of the immediate family i. e. pouse parents only | | | |Income | |Salaried | |- Minimum Gross Income of PKR 20,000 per month. | |- 100% Co-applicant income will be clubbed in case of spouse. | | | | | |Self-Employed / Business Person | |- Minimum Gross Salary of PKR 50,000 per month. | | |Personal Reference | |- Two personal references (one relative and other office colleague/friend) not living with the customer | | | |Employment Tenure | |Salaried | |- Permanent job with a minimum 2 years continuous work history in the same industry / field. | | | | | |Self-Employed / Business Person | |- Minimum 3 years in current business / industry. | | | | | | |Particulars | |Eligibility  (For NRP Customers) | | | |Citizenship | |Pakistani | | | |Product Category | |Buyer, Builder, Renovation Replacement | | | |Builder / Renovation Cases | |In such cases, a responsible person will be appointed by the NRP customer who will look after construction on Musharakah property/land. | | |Segment | |Salaried Only | | | |Co-applicant for Income clubbing | |50 % of Net income of Parents, Spouse Son | | | |Age (Applicant Co-applicant for calculation of MBL financing amount) | |25 to 60 years | | | |Co-applicant Age (without income clubbing) |25 to 65 years | | | |Income | |Gross PKR 150,000/- above | | | |Employment Tenure | |Two years (minimum) regular experience in same industry. | |Minimum last 1-year existing job in the same country. | | | |Employment Status | |Permanent Contractual | | | |Company Eligibility | |Multinational Co. Well Established Local Corporate Groups | | | |Financing Tenor | |3 to 20 Years | | | |Financing Range | |PKR 0. 3M PKR 40M | | | FEATURES OF EASY HOME COMMENCEMENT OF AGREEMENT. The contract of Diminishing Musharaka house financing can be effected for a future date on the condition that the â€Å"profit† rate is payable after possession of the house by the client. Thus an effective forward contract is allowed despite its prohibition in Islam. It is called â€Å"a later† contract by the Islamic bank. Repayment of principal and â€Å"profit† / rent becomes due on possession of property by the client. 1- TERMINATION OF CONTRACT If the financier contravenes any term of the agreement, the client has the right to terminate the Musharaka contract unilaterally. If there is no contravention on the part of the financier, the contract cannot be terminated without mutual consent by the client. In case of the death of the client the contract will be terminated and it will be renewable by his successors. The client can terminate contract by purchasing the shares of the bank. 2- RISK OF LOSS In the Diminishing Musharaka house financing contract the financier as a Shirkat-ul-Milk participates in â€Å"profit† not in loss, the client will participate in both â€Å"profit† and loss, and the client will bear all losses. 3- OWNERSHIP PROVISION In the Diminishing Musharaka house financing contract the bank and the client co-own the house according to a predetermined ratio, if the bank invests 80% and the client invests 20%, the bank will own 80% of the property. 4- SALE TRANSFER The bank makes an agreement to allow the client to buy the units periodically, thus reducing the share of the bank and increasing the share of the client. This arrangement allows the bank to claim â€Å"rent† according to its proportion of ownership in the property and at the same time allows a periodical return of a part of the principal through purchase of the units of the bank’s share of the house by the client. 5- EXPENSE CONSEQUENT TO OWNERSHIP In Diminishing Musharaka house financing contract the client pays all expenses consequent to ownership, the bank participates in â€Å"profit† not in expenses or losses. 6- SECURITY Meezan Bank and AlBaraka require mortgage deeds. They prefer simple and registered mortgages. 7- LIABILITY OF BANK In Diminishing Musharaka house financing contracts the bank is liable for complying with the terms of the agreements. These include payments according to pre-determined schedules and sale of its share to the client. At the time of agreement the bank must disclose all facts pertinent to the agreement before the agreement is enacted 9- RIGHTS OF BANK’S CLIENT Diminishing Musharaka house financing. In Diminishing Musharaka house financing contracts the following are the rights and the powers of partners. 10-PENALTY ON LATE PAYMENT In Diminishing Musharaka house financing contracts the bank is entitled to charge penalty on late payments. Standard Chartered (Islamic bank), Meezan and Alabaraka charge penalty after 45 days. If the client makes late payments, the bank will continuously charge penalty. ?Easy Home offers customers a comprehensive solution with: Easy Buyer Easy Builder Easy Renovate Easy Replacement Within these wonderful options come the special benefits of Easy Home. Flexible Financing Tailored to Support customers. High financing amounts. Maximum financing against property value. Flexibility to make partial prepayments. Minimal processing charges. Very affordable and competitive monthly payment plan with a regularly reducing  rental amount. Quick Processing Time Absolutely hassle-free. Quick turn-around-times, with no burdensome complexities or exces s paper work. It’s simple, halal, and easy! Come and take the step towards Riba free financing for your home, made easy with Meezan Banks Easy Home! Easy Buyer Buying a Home is Easy Halal!. Meezan Bank will finance up to 70% of the appraised value of your home cost to salaried individuals 60% to Businessmen.. Flexible financing by calculating DBR ( Debt Burden Ratio) Easy selection of financing tenure from a minimum of 2 years  (excluding construction period of max 12 months) up to a maximum of  20 years. ( in some cases it can go with 25 years Tenure) Easy Builder Building a Home is Easy Halal! For that special home you want to build yourself, or to help continue construction you may have already started. Meezan Bank will finance up to 70% of the appraised value of your home cost to salaried individuals 60% to Businessmen.. Flexible financing by calculating DBR ( Debt Burden Ratio) Easy selection of financing tenure from a minimum of 2 years  (excluding constr uction period of max 12 months) up to a maximum of  20 years. in some cases it can go with 25 years Tenure) Easy Renovate Renovating your Home is Easy Halal! Making your home even better or just repairing it, do it with Meezan Banks Easy Renovate! Meezan bank finances maximum 30% of the Property Value in case of Renovation. Easy Replace Replacing  your existing mortgage to Islamic mode is Easy Halal Ready for transaction if it is replaced from Islamic Bank. It will Take period of 12 Months in case of replacement from Conventional Banks. RENTAL AMOUNT Rent Amount Is calculated with taking three figures. 1) UNIT COST (Dividing financing Amount with Total units/ months) 2) KIBOR ( Karachi Inter Bank Office Rate)Currently 14. 9 3) PROFIT RATE 3 for Salaried. 4 for Businessmen. 2 for listed Companies in Banks profile. RENTAL= UNIT COST+ KIBOR + PROFIT RATE Modes of payment UMI EMI STEP UP MEEZAN LAPTOP Meezan Bank launches Laptop Ease offer in April 2011. It is a Shariah-co mpliant laptop financing, for individuals and for corporate class of  pakistan. By choosing this facility, customers can grab at their laptop sets by a process of easy installments.. Special features of Meezan Laptop Ease: Easy Installment options for financing period for 3 to 24 months. 2 years warranty with parts provided by vendor. Free Caring Case will be provided by vendor. Dedicated Call Center by New Horizon (vendor) for addressing after sale issues and providing after sales support to the customers at their door step Absolutely Free Takaful Coverage. All laptops acquired through Meezan Laptop Ease will be covered by Takaful (Islamic Insurance) before delivery to the customers. Minimum down payment up to 15% Laptop model offerings will vary from time to time in consistence with the latest upgraded features and market demand. Minimum age to avail this offer for both individuals and businessmen should be 20 years and maximum age should not cross over 60 and 65 years, respectively. Laptops are available at easy monthly installments of as low as Rs 2,750/- ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA ( BUSINEESMEN SELF EMPLOYED) |   | |Citizenship |Pakistani, Adult, Permanent resident | |   |   | |   |   | |Age |Minimum 20,   Maximum 65   at maturity | |   |   | |   |   | |Income (PKR) |PKR 40,000/- | |   | | |   |   | |Personal Reference |Two personal references (one relative and other office | |   |colleague/friend) not living with the customer. | |   | |   |   | |Employment Business  Tenure |Minimum 2 years in same business | |   |(Business tenure to be verified via Bank Certificate, NTN | | |Certificate, Tax returns, Proprietorship letter, Registered | | |Partnership deed etc) | | |   | SALARIED Citizenship |   | |   |Pakistani, Adult, Permanent resident | | |   | |   |   | |Age |Minimum 20, Maximum 60 (Salaried) at maturity | |   |(Applicant maturity date of facility shall not exceed the da te of| | |retirement. ) | |   | |   |   | |Income (PKR) |PKR 25,000/- (Gross Salary) | |   |   | |   |   | |Personal Reference |Two personal references (one relative and other office | |   |colleague/friend) not living with the customer. | |   | |   |Permanent job with minimum 1 year continuous working history in | |Employment Business  Tenure |same industry. | |   |Direct company contract valid till maturity date of financing | | |(Total 1 year previous working experience is mandatory). | MEEZAN LABBAIK UMRAH Labbaik Travel Saving Aasaan Labbaik Travel Aasaan Labbaik Travel Aasaan is a completely Halal Riba Free Travel Solution. | | |Key Features | |Completely Halal Shari’ah Approved. |Renowned Travel Agent’s on Meezan Banks panel | |Umrah  Packages for different durations facilities are available | |Complete Visa Processing and Umrah Package Arrangements by selected agent. | |Confirmed return airline tickets | Labbaik Saving Aa saan Account On agreeing to become a Labbaik Saving Aasaan Account holder, you will enter into the relationship of Mudarabah with the Bank. Under this relationship, you will be the Investor (or Rab-ul- Maal) and the Bank will be the Manager (or Mudarib) of the funds deposited by you in the Deposit pool. These funds will be utilized by the Bank to provide financing to customers under Islamic modes of financing, including but not limited to Murabaha, Ijarah, Istisna and Diminishing Musharakah. Meezan  Labbaik Saving Account can be opened by Individuals, Sole-Proprietorships, Partnerships and Limited Companies. Key Features Meezan Labbaik Savings Aasaan provides a number of features including: Available for individuals, where customers can open a single / joint account with family members Labbaik Saving Plan is available for six (06) months to twenty (20) years Labbaik Saving Account is a Pak Rupee account It will be a Recurring Deposit Account, where customers will deposit monthly contribution as per the deposit schedule plan Labbaik Saving Account is a non-chequing account, where no cheque book or VISA Debit Card will be issued Apart from regular monthly deposit contribution customers can deposit additional amounts in order to complete the deposit amount and make the make the desired journey earlier than initially scheduled After completion of the desired deposit amount, customers will have a right to travel with Meezan Bank or redeem his funds to go with an alternate company or utilize the funds for alternate purposes No pre-mature withdrawal schedule will be applied Customers may redeem 50% of the contribution as per defined procedure, one-time in the entire deposit tenure. Functional Departments Of Meezan Bank Sales Credit Inniation (CIU) Risk Management (RMU) Credit Administration (CAD) Collection Recovery 1-SALES Sales is the most important and fundamental function of Revenue generation. They approach the customers through, ? Direct Sales ? Dealers reference ? Branch Customers ? Branch Coordinators ? Telemarketing Functions Of Sales Department Create marketing strategies to achieve sales targets of a bank. Implement best practices to meet customers needs and requirements. Implement best practices to meet customers needs and requirements. Initiate customer retention strategies and build new customers Lead, direct and mentor sales and marketing teams to achieve hundred percent outcome. Initiate campaign strategies for bank products and services Resolve customer needs. Understand customer financial needs and objectives. Recommend appropriate financial product or service to the customer. Assist and support bank management in delivering cust omer services Prepare sales and marketing statements and reports for the top management of the bank. 2-CREDIT INNIATION UNIT It is obvious that  every bank must have an independent department that deals with the credit function. Department in a bank that evaluates the financial condition of credit applicants and maintains a log of loan payments on currently outstanding loans. Credit information is gathered on a confidential basis and stored for future reference. The credit department also responds to requests by other lenders for credit information on a particular borrower CIU makes the case, Reveiw the case, Assess the potentials of the client to repay the assets value, check the opinions and worth of the compamy. 3-RISK MANAGEMENT UNIT MEEZAN BANK’S risk management policy rests on its sound and Islamic bank management culture and complies largely with international Islamic Banking standards, management requirements, corporate governance principles and carries with it the highest ethical values from within the banking profession. The Organizational Structure of the Risk Management Group. The bank has set in place an independent risk management function within The Risk Management department, covering all risks: market, credit and operational risk. The Head of Risk Management reports to the Audit Committee, whose members are chosen among the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors formally approves overall risk management strategies and the direction of business. The Board regularly monitors the banks financial performance, reviews and controls risk management activities and bears the final responsibility of approving the banks risk appetite. Risk Management Department is the center of performing this function. This department reports to the Bank’s Risk Committee, The Head of Risk Management Group. 4-CREDIT ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT Leads centralized credit administration and control department whose function is to provide a uniform and efficient credit administration and control service encompassing completion of security/transaction documentation formalities, safe custody function, MIS development for monitoring of banks exposure from different risk angles to ensure that a high level of credit administration support is provided to the bank’s business units to protect banks risk assets. ? Reveiw the case ? Makes observation ? Disburse The Case ? Generate Installements ? Prepare Legal doucuments Agreements Principal Duties Responsibilities: ? Manage the Documentation and Limits Control Units Prepare accurate documentation of credit facilities to ensure that the same is legally enforceable without lacunas. ? Review security/transaction documents with a view to make it convenient for customers without compromising banks interest. ? Manage effective and efficient safe custody of original security/transacti on documentation and title deeds etc belonging to clients/third parties. ? To ensure that safe custody procedures are meticulously implemented. ? Ensure credit documentation deferrals are effectively followed up with Business Units for perfection within the time allowed. ? Arrange the valuations, from bank’s approved evaluators, of real estates held as collateral in line with Credit Risk Policy. Maintain marked to the market valuation for shares, mutual funds and other marketable securities and advise to business units where and violation of Approval of Finance / Credit Risk Policy occurred. ? To follow up with Business Units for early execution of documentation by clients. ? Immediate and accurate feeding of limits into the system once security documentation is completed by the client. ? Ensure least Turn Around Time (TAT) in line with SLAs with business units. ? Generate / Maintain MIS to monitor the portfolio and to prompt Business Units for timely completion of annual rev iews by providing necessary reports regarding expiring/expired facilities. ? Prepare weekly/monthly Exceptions Report   and circulate daily Overdrawn / Excess Over Limits report to the senior management and business units. Upload the accurate data as per the requirements of regulator. ? Managing and guiding team to execute above responsibility and help in their professional development. ? Managing specific tasks / projects assigned by the CRO from time to time in relation to Credit Administration Control. 5-COLLECTION RECOVERY DEPARTMENT (To Save The Bank’s Assets) The Recovery Collection function is an important component of any Bank’s business operations. The key is knowing when and how to accomplish the sale safely. The key is to  find the best way to minimize the risk of late payment or non-payment by customers. The core activities of the collection department include: Accelerating cash flow Minimizing bad debt losses Reviewing and approving new accounts Developing and updating  credit and collection policies Managing the collection function Maintaining current information in the credit file on each active customer Researching and resolving disputes and deductions that would otherwise delay or prevent payment of accounts receivable Communicating with other departments within the Bank. Safeguarding the companys investment in accounts receivable BUCKETS SMS ALERTS FRONTEND MID RANGE HAND COURT NON PERFORMING LOAN SMS ELERTS Before due date Sms are sent to the customers. FRONTEND One day past, the payment become Overdue. Frontend is the period from 1 to 29 days. An INTIMATION LETTER is sent to the customer by the bank as a soft reminder and Calls are made. MID RANGE / HARD COURT When overdues are not cleared by the customer within 29 days, Customer entered into 30+ DPD ( Day Past Due) Mid range is the period of 30 days to 59 days. REMINDER LETTER is sent to Customer. Home Visits are made. Tone is changed from soft reminders to aggressive one. NON PERFOMING LOAN 60+ DPD, 60 to 89 days of due payments are called Non Performing Loans. LEGAL NOTICE sent the customer with the time frame of 15 days to settle the payments. After that time limit, bank have the right to Repossess the vehicle. In case of reposession, Bank take the services of Agencies as 3rd party, after reposession Vchile is parked to the warehouse and FINAL LETTER is sent by bank to the customer. In which Total Amount including total purchase price, Over due Rentals, Surcharge amount, Valuation, legal, Parking and deduction of Security Deposit is mentioned. Where customer is offered to settle the account. But if customer fails to settle his account then Banks has options to sell or Auction the vehicle. A file is maintianed, called Repo File. It consists of Reminder Letter Copy Of Legal Notice Lease Agreement Copy Complete Exise File Copy Of Customer’s CNIC Application Form Coppy RECOVERY After 90 days customer entered into 90+ DPD. And Non preforming Loan shifted to Recovery.

7 YouTube Channels to Replenish the Stock of Your Essay Writing Music

7 YouTube Channels to Replenish the Stock of Your Essay Writing Music 7 YouTube Channels to Replenish the Stock of Your Essay Writing Music Music is a great thing to have when you are working. Music in the background can truly be beneficial for you when writing. The reason for this is that the brain does not actually tell time on a regular basis; it tells time based on the surroundings and environment. It is for this reason that listening to a boring lecture can literally feel as though it made time slow down, or when you are having fun with a loved one, time seems to speed up. Music plays a big part in this. Music can dictate to the brain whether time is going by quickly or slowly. Below is a list of great YouTube channels for music you can enjoy while writing your essay: Study Music Club Relax Channel EnjoyStudying Study Music StudyMusicProject Classical Music Compilation Relaxing Study Music Upbeat music with a fast tempo tells the brain that time is moving quickly. This is a great choice for those evenings where you have been working for hours and you are trying to combat sleepiness. Having happier, uplifting and fast music will make you think the work is going by slowly. This is best reserved for those times when you are handling administrative tasks like printing papers, stapling them together, emailing copies to yourself and your teacher, etc†¦ Slow, classical music will convince your mind that time is slowing down. This is ideal for when you need to relax and focus solely on your reading or writing. With calming and relaxing music in the background, your mind and subsequently your body will naturally relax. This is a great thing to have in the background as you are reading over multiple texts for research or trying to calmly put together a well-organized paper. It is very important to remember though that music with lyrics will prove distracting. So if you are trying to write a creative paper, you will likely find it harder to do if the music you have playing (slow or fast) has lyrics. The reason for this is that the brain is listening to the lyrics and going back and forth between focusing on the writing and focusing on the lyrics. This causes many distractions and delays. This is exacerbated by songs to which you have memorized lyrics. If you have memorized a song, or have heard it enough to subconsciously memorize it, then your mind will focus on that instead. When you are writing an essay, it is good to have essay writing music to help you stay motivated, but remember that music plays an interesting role in our level of production. So if you want to slow your mind down, pick something that is relaxing. If you want to speed things up and make a list of mundane actions seem interesting, then pick something fast paced. Just remember to avoid the music with lyrics you know quite well or you will end up distracted more often than not.

Dr. Malcolm Crowe in The Sixth Sense movie as heroic archetype Essay

Dr. Malcolm Crowe in The Sixth Sense movie as heroic archetype - Essay Example The function of the hero myth is to develop a person’s awareness of his strengths and weaknesses in order to face life’s problems† (Garbis, 2002). Within this myth, the death of the hero functions as a key to the concept that the individual has gained maturity and has been reborn into the image of the father or mentor. The third stage of the individuation process is known as transcendence and is that stage in the maturation process in which the unconscious and the conscious minds merge to enable the person to experience their full potential. While this would seem to suggest a new theory of human development, it is, instead, an idea that is buried in our earliest myths and legends and continues to play out in our modern stories and films. For example, Dr Malcolm in the film The Sixth Sense represents a heroic archetype who has to go through three main stages including the forced quest, climatic battle and the return as inevitable steps required to achieve the ultim ate goal in his life. The first stage of the hero archetype is the forced quest. This is illustrated in the film through Dr. Malcolm’s obvious feelings of guilt regarding previous failures, primarily in the form of Vincent, a former patient who entered long-term psychiatric care after Dr. Malcolm proved unable to help him stop hearing voices. This is contrasted against the doctor’s equally obvious enthusiasm to help people. Through his conversation with his wife and his responses to the congratulations he receives, it becomes clear that Dr. Malcolm is honored and pleased to receive an award for his work, but more interested in what he can do to help children overcome their various issues. His continued preoccupation with Vincent manifests itself in Vincent’s physical presence within the master bathroom the night of the award. Even here, seeing Vincent as a grown young man standing naked in his bathroom after having broken into the house, Malcolm’s primary concern is to

Buildings Energy-efficiency Development in Rural Areas of China Case Study

Buildings Energy-efficiency Development in Rural Areas of China - Case Study Example The threat of environmental pollution in China originates from rural China, where the majority of the population continuously uses forms of energy that are major causes of carbon emission and pollutions of the environment. It is not surprising that various researches are continuously conducted to identify alternative ways of reducing carbon emissions in rural Chinese homes. Also, it does not surprise that building energy-efficient development in rural areas of China is one effective solution to this problem of growing carbon emissions. The ability of rural buildings to maintain efficiency in energy conservation and use is determined by its design. As a result, this paper explores traditional hearth (thermal mass) design in rural Chinese homes. Moreover, it evaluates how design influences energy conservation and utilization. China began consuming high amounts of carbon in late 20th century influenced by the spread of the industrial revolution throughout the world (Stolten and V Scherer 895). In 1990, the country continued to experience increased in total carbon consumption, and total consumption reached 650Mtce in 1995 while per capita consumption was at 900kgce in the same year (Slide 1). In the era of the industrial revolution, the total consumption remained higher that per capita consumption. The factories and industries are producing commodities for the emerging opportunities in the global market consumed a high percentage of carbon. On the other hand, per capita income associated with household carbon consumption was increasing at a decreasing rate over the years and peaked in 2000. At a per capita consumption of 1300Kgce, the total consumption was at a high of 1450Mtce in 2007. Even though, China began consuming more carbon in the 1980s, the country experienced rapid growth in the 21st century seen a sharp increase in total consumption between 1999 and 2007. It

Factors That Influence Household And Individual Food Consumption Economics Essay

Factors That Influence Household And Individual Food Consumption Economics Essay This paper identifies the factors that influence the household and individual food consumption. Since food is the most important item of the consumption basket, an analysis of the changes in food consumption pattern over time has a special significance which is the most important component for low and middle income groups. Food expenditure pattern is an excellent indicator of economic well being of people. Economic Development is not only brings about significant changes in the socio-economic and cultural life of a habitant population but it also influences the levels of living in the long run. India, a rapid developing and agrarian dominant economy has been bringing many changes in the socio economic life of her population since independence. Keyword -Expenditure, Consumption Patterns, Food Consumption and Household Consumer Expenditure, Factors affecting food consumption pattern. Introduction: The analysis of changing food consumption pattern over time would help in designing appropriate policies related to food production and distribution .Increasing number of working women, rise in per capita income, changing lifestyles and increasing level of affluence in the middle income group have also brought about changes in food habits. Rapid urbanization and sociological changes like the desire on the part of the housewives to spend less time in kitchen, the increased value for leisure, weakening of family ties, increased impact of television and its advertisement as well as changing life styles of the families, have brought about the changes in food consumption pattern. Since food is the most important item of the consumption basket, an analysis of the changes in food consumption pattern over time has a special significance which is the most important component for low and middle income groups. Food expenditure pattern is an excellent indicator of economic well being of people. If the society is wealthy proportionately high expenditure will be made on secondary necessities, comfort, luxury products and conspicuous consumption. On the other, if the society is at subsistence level, people will spend proportionately more on food. Engels law also states that the poorer the family, the greater is the proportion of its total income devoted to provision of food. Economic Development is not only brings about significant changes in the socio-economic and cultural life of a habitant population but it also influences the levels of living in the long run. India, a rapid developing and agrarian dominant economy has been bringing many changes in the socio economic life of her population since independence. Due to variations in natural resources endowments; physical and climatic conditions; economic factors like income, prices and the extent of magnetization; demographic factors like household size and degree of urbanization and cultural factors are likely to influence consumption expenditure pattern. Such diverse socio-economic, demographic and cultural factors are reflected in the inequality in the distribution of consumption expenditure as it is revealed by the national sample survey organization data on consumption expenditure in India. Food consumption has been a subject of research all over the world. It is especially meaningful in developing countries where food expenditure accounts for a relatively large share of household income. Studies on food consumption shed light on food related nutritional policies. They provide estimates of how food consumption is affected by change in prices, income and taxation policies ( Dune and Edkins 2005) The studies on food consumption pattern or expenditure pattern are very important as it is related to poverty and standard of our society. Food being the foremost basic need gets the priority in the expenditure of people, especially the poor classes. It is necessary to study the change in food consumption pattern under the changing situation of liberalization, privatization and globalization. After liberalization began in 1991, though much attention has been paid to the reduction in head count ratio, less priority have been accorded to the magnitude and pattern of food consumption. Ray and Lancaster (2005) have recently shown that the link had weakened to the extent that the official poverty line in India today is quite out of step with that based on the household minimum calorie requirements. This necessitates an analysis on the magnitude and trend in food consumption, especially cereals, over the reform period in India, in view of their strong implications for food and nutrition securities. This study provides evidence on the magnitude and patterns in food consumption status of both rural and urban population. There is a strong indication that improvement in the levels of living might not have been distributed well and certain pockets of the states might have remained impoverished in spite of their overall growth. While studies abound on the consumption expenditure among rural and urban households for various expenditure classes at macro level, very few studies have been done at micro level to explain the rural urban differences in the consumption pattern. Per capita income and food consumption both are the indicators of human development but food consumption is a better indicator of human welfare. Indias faster economic growth over 1990s has raised per capita income (expenditure) and has significantly impacted its food consumption patterns by causing a change in the structure of food consumption patterns observed earlier during pre-reforms period. This raises the relevance of looking at the composition of Indias food consumption basket. Changes in the composition of food consumption expenditure during the 1990s, including the shift from cereals to non-cereal items against the background of a decline in food expenditure share, occurred right across the growth spectrum and raise the issue of the nutritional implications of food items particularly during post-reforms period. Purpose: The purpose of this study of the literature was to determine which factors influence household and individual food consumption. Literature Review: Numerous studies have been made in recent years on the trends of poverty, inequality and level of living in Indian states during the 1990s. Some have highlighted the reduction in poverty (Sundaram and Tendulkar 2003; Bhanumurthy and Mitra 2004), while some others have expressed anguish over the rising economic inequality (Deaton and Dreze, 2002; Sen and Himanshu, 2004; Krishna, 2004).There is a common feeling that although there has been some overall improvement in the average levels of living of people across the majority of states, those who were already on a better footing could reap the advantages of the economic reforms in the 90à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s and experience faster growth, while there was no tangible improvement for the poorest few. Again, the rural -urban expenditure gap, believed to have widened overtime, needs meticulous scrutiny. Campbell (1960) conducted a survey and had given a comparison between older persons and younger persons at identical income level. Younger people, at all income level, spend more on clothing, furniture and miscellaneous items than older people but less on medical care. David (1962) studies revealed that the size of the family and frequency of purchasing durables, kinds of durable purchased and the substitution of durables for commercial services hampers the consumption pattern of households. Chatterjee (1962) on the basis on NSS consumption expenditure data for rural and urban areas and six zones has been estimated for elasticities on expenditures on food. Gupta(1968) has compared the differences in overall consumption patterns in the state of UP and Tamil Nadu for the reason of their known and distinct economic , social and cultural differences .The study has concluded that there exist significant differences in consumer expenditure on various categories of item in those states in general as well as also between rural and urban regions in each of two states. Kwang (1972) had analyzed the effect of income as well as other economic and social demographic characteristics on households consumption expenditure significantly among different groups. Chatterjee Bhattacharya(1972) have constructed indices of consumer price differential between the rural areas of different states of India with NSS 18th round data. Rao(1977), in her study has tried to identify some measures at development in order to identify backward regions and subsequently to examine the trends in inter regional and inter sectoral disparities in India. The study by Sarkar(1983) based on NSS consumer expenditure data for 13,16,21 28 rounds supports the hypothesis that level of living and expenditure pattern differs over the states. Kumar and Aggarwal (2004) determined the extent of poverty in Delhi slums through consumption patterns, employment and educational status of the slum population. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE FOOD CONSUMPTION: Income: Income is an important means of widening the range of consumption options, especially as economies around the world become increasingly monetized. Income gives people the ability to buy diverse, nutritious foods instead of eating only their own crops, to pay for motorized transport instead of walking, to pay for health care and education for their families, to pay for water from a tap instead of walking for many hours to collect it from a well. The increasing dependence of much consumption on private income means that changes in income have a dominant influence on changes · in consumption. When incomes rise steadily consumption rises for most of the population. But for the same reason, when incomes decline, consumption also falls sharply, with devastating consequences for human well being. Demographic Characteristics: The demographic characteristics have an important bearing on the level of income, consumption expenditure and saving of the society. Features like rate of growth of population, educational level of the head of the household and other members, the age of the members of the household, the size of the family are some of the factors which have a direct effect on the saving of the community, especially in the rural areas. According to Leff (1969) this factor as a determinant of saving had been left out because, this hypothesis had not been validated by extensive empirical testing Level of Education: The level of education of the head of the household and that of other members of the family determines the nature of occupation they are involved in, the level of income that they get and the motivations for saving. Also the level of education of the female members of the community is likely to have a positive influence on the saving rate Size and Pattern of Assets: For any economic unit wealth reflects the net result of accumulated saving, revaluation of assgets and capital transfers ever since the unit came into existence. The size and pattern of assets held by the households determine the income enjoyed by the household as also the amount of income saved and the pattern of investment of saving. Time use: Opportunities to consume can be severely limited by lack of time. Women, spend many hours a day meeting the households needs and have no time left for education, better health care or community activities. Similarly, overworked labourers may receive an adequate wage. but they often work long hours and are denied the opportunity of regular leave. Information: Information is the key to raising awareness of the range of consumption options available and enabling the consumer to decide which choices are best. Without information. there is no way of knowing what goods and services are available in the market. and what services are being provided by the state and are. By right, available to all. Advertising and public information campaigns play an important role in this respect. Social barriers: Income cannot always remove barriers to access to opportunities. This is particularly so when considerations of gender, class or ethnicity limit peoples freedom to consume the goods and services they want. For example, people belonging to certain ethnic groups might be denied equal access to education, employment and other basic social services by the state, regardless of how much they earn. The household- decision-making and upbringing: Much analysis of consumer decision-making assumes that the person making the decision is the one who will directly benefit from the consumption. This is far from the truth in many cases. A great deal of household consumption decision making is in the hands of one person-often the mother or the father of the family. Although this may lead to good outcomes, it can also be a source of inequity within the family- Household values has a wider effect on the consumption options of individual members. The education and upbringing given to children early in life play a critical part in establishing their ability to make good use of the options available for living a full and fulfilling life. The remarkable expansion and diversification in consumption options have made it more difficult for consumers to make informed choices. Globalization and Consumption: As a result of increased purchasing power and opportunity to purchase, a change was manifest in the activity of consumption. The definition of what constitutes a necessity is changing, and the distinctions between luxuries and necessities are blurring. Globalization is integrating not just trade, investment and financial markets; it is also integrating consumer markets around the world and opening opportunities. This has two effects i.e. economic and social. Economic integration has accelerated the opening of consumer markets with a constant flow of new products. There is fierce competition to sell to consumers worldwide, with increasingly aggressive advertising. On the social side local and national boundaries are breaking down in the setting of social standards and aspirations in consumption. Technological Advancement: Another important factor that has changed the rural consumption pattern in recent years is the technological advancement in agriculture which has in turn raised the income of the rural population. The increased income is likely to be used for consuming more of the items which are already in their commodity basket. This may increase their choices of falling on goods with sensory appeal such as sweets, tobacco, drugs and intoxicants and also those goods and services associated with prestige and status. Summary and Conclusion: This study shows that food plays a central part in the culture, traditions . Important events such as weddings, funerals, and religious celebrations are all accompanied by food specifically prepared for the occasion. Consumption of traditional food is largely associated with poverty and consequently, as people move to the city, they change their diet to a typical westernised diet with a high fat content and low carbohydrate intake (Bourne et al., 1996). Our study found that this population associated meat with high socio-economic standing and therefore tried to consume it on daily basis. Our findings are confirmed by those of Wong et al. (1984) who examined a relationship between household income, level and expense and consumption of food in urban marginal areas of Mexico. The authors found a marked tendency to increase consumption of high protein foods as family income increased. It emphasizes the critical importance of taking these factors into consideration in developing strategie s for modifying eating practices.

Chemistry Study Guide

Chemistry: Study Guide * Question 1 10 out of 10 points | | | According to VSEPR theory, which one of the following molecules should have a  bent   shape? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Cl2O| | | | | * Question 2 10 out of 10 points | | | According to the VSEPR theory, the molecular shape of SiCl4  isAnswer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  tetrahedral. | | | | | * Question 3 10 out of 10 points | | | According to the VSEPR theory, the shape of the SO3  molecule isAnswer| | | | | Selected Answer:| trigonal planar. | | | | | * Question 4 10 out of 10 points | | Balance the following equation using the smallest set of whole numbers, then add together the coefficients. Don't forget to count coefficients of one. ___ Al + ___ H2SO4  > ___ Al2(SO4)3  + ___ H2 The sum of the coefficients isAnswer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  9. | | | | | * Question 5 10 out of 10 points | | | Consider the species Cl2+, Cl2, and Cl2?. Which of these species will be paramagnetic? Answer| | | | | Select ed Answer:|   Ã‚  Cl2+  and Cl2? | | | | | * Question 6 10 out of 10 points | | | How many O atoms are there in 51. 4 g CaSO4?Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  9. 09 ? 1023| | | | | * Question 7 10 out of 10 points | | | How many covalent bonds will a nitrogen atom usually form? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  3| | | | | * Question 8 10 out of 10 points | | | How many grams of Cl2  can be prepared from the reaction of 16. 0 g of MnO2  and 30. 0 g of HCl according to the following chemical equation? MnO2  + 4HCl > MnCl2  + Cl2  + 2H2OAnswer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  13. 0G| | | | | * Question 9 10 out of 10 points | | | How many grams of sodium are there in 10. g of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4?Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:| 3. 2| | | | | * Question 10 10 out of 10 points | | | In which of the following would the bonding be  weakened  with the addition of an electron to form the negative molecular ion? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  N2| | | | | * Question 11 0 out of 10 points | | | In which of these pairs of atoms would the bond have the  greatest  percent ionic character (i. e. , most polar)? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:| c-o  Ã‚  s-o f–f| | | | | * Question 12 10 out of 10 points | | | Indicate the type of hybrid orbitals used by the central atom in PCl3.Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  sp3| | | | | uestion 13 10 out of 10 points | | | The F? S? F bond angles in SF6  areAnswer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  90 ° and 180 °. | | | | | * Question 14 10 out of 10 points | | | The Lewis dot symbol for the a lead atom isAnswer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  | Not A| | | | * Question 15 10 out of 10 points | | | The Lewis structure for CS2  is:Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  | | | | | * Question 16 10 out of 10 points | | | The number of pi bonds in the molecule below is Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  3| | | | | Question 17 10 out of 10 points | | | T he number of resonance structures for the nitrate ion that satisfies the octet rule isAnswer| | | | | Selected Answer:| 3| | | | | Question 18 Question 18 10 out of 10 points | | | The shape of the CS2  molecule is best described asAnswer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  linear. | | | | | | | | * Question 19 0 out of 10 points | | | What is the formal charge on sulfur in the best Lewis structure for the SCN? (thiocyanate) ion? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  ? 1 +2 -2+1| | | | | * Question 20 10 out of 10 points | | What type of chemical bond holds the atoms together within a water molecule? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Polar covalent bond Question 2110 out of 10 points | | | When 22. 0 g NaCl and 21. 0 g H2SO4  are mixed and react according to the equation below, which is the limiting reagent? 2NaCl + H2SO4  > Na2SO4  + 2HClAnswer| | | | | Selected Answer:| | | | | | | | | | * Question 22 10 out of 10 points | | | Which of the following correctly li sts species in order of  increasing  bond length? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  O2+  ; O2  ; O2? | | | | | * Question 23 0 out of 10 points | | | Which of these atom is the  most  electronegative? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  P| | | | | Question 24 10 out of 10 points | | | Which of these compounds is most likely to be ionic? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  KF| | | | | * Question 25 10 out of 10 points | | | Which of these elements is most likely to exhibit an expanded octet in its compounds? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:| s| | | | | * Question 26 0 out of 10 points | | | Which of these ionic solids would have the largest lattice energy? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  CaBr2NaF, NaCl| | | | * Question 27 10 out of 10 points | | | Which of these pairs of elements would be most likely to form an ionic compound? Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  Cl ; Mg| | | | | * Question 28 10 out of 10 points | | | Which of these su bstances will display an incomplete octet in its Lewis structure? Answer| | | | | NO| | | | | uestion 29 10 out of 10 points | | | Which response includes all the molecules below that do not follow the octet rule? (1) H2S  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (2) BCl3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (3) PH3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (4) SF4Answer| | | | | Selected Answer:|   Ã‚  (2) and (4)| | | | |

Origin of Man Essay - 989 Words

The Origin of Man is one of the most difficult statements or question that we have face as humans to answer. There are too many variables that goes into understanding the true meaning of the Origin of Man. Some of the variables that would question the Origin of Man would be Religion and Scientific knowledge or researched. Through Religion we are to believe that God â€Å"created humankind and all modern living creatures in a single, spontaneous week of creation. Through Science and researched we are to believe that we descended from the primate family of hominids. This is in part is hard for myself to believe that we as humans came from Apes, gorillas and chimpanzee. We are lead to believe that the first humans came from the Europe to which I†¦show more content†¦Every piece of evidence that have been found through the years points at Africa as the birthplace of Man. Scientifically proven is that these early humans migrated to the rest of the world was due to environmental factors and the ability to adapt to these changes. In the Movie The Real Eve shows the scientific study of the mitochondria DNA that can be trace back to one single woman from Africa. This to me is another evidence in providing where we come from. The study reveals the mitochondria DNA of different African people and that of Europeans. The mitochondria DNA of Africans showed that they were different thus proving how they migrated to other parts of the world while those of Europeans remained the same. This scientific revelation to the study of man once again explains our roots where in Africa. Early humans did in fact come from Africa and migrated to the rest of the world when the environment allowed them to and when their survival rate began to decline due to food or shelter. Homo Sapiens according to archeologist first were four legged animals with one third of the brain as that of humans today. Through evolution these four-legged animals evolved into two legged humans with a larger brain. The two-legged humans were able to make to ols and weapons with their newfound free hands. The changes that occurred according to the book the History of Africa we descended from Homo Habilis then evolve to Homo ergaster or HomoShow MoreRelatedEvolution Of The Origin Of Man862 Words   |  4 PagesFirst Draft Creationists say that teaching evolution in school would go against what they believe about the origins of man. But Evolution does not cover the origins of man, but how entire species have changed with time. US public schools should teach evolution as scientific fact because there is fossil evidence, bacterial evidence, and there is evidence hidden inside of the genes in all living things. 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