Contemporary business issueSub Prime letting050808 Essay

Contemporary business issueSub Prime letting050808 - Essay Example The Fed comes out with the financial arrangement so as to guarantee a specific key destinations like, conveying value security with a low swelling level combined with a goal to help the Government's monetary targets of development and business. To examine how the Fed screens the cost related guidelines to keep a beware of expansion, we can think about a little case of the guideline on house and property costs. To take any choices identified with loan costs remembering the progressing expansion rate, the Fed must be exhaustive with the blasting property costs and should find a way to guarantee that the costs are not fake. Government intercedes through its national bank to manage the costs of numerous wares, likewise it additionally controls the costs of houses like some other significant product. Taken care of has the duty to keep a beware of benefit costs including the costs of houses. There can be various reasons why the costs of houses may shoot up, similar to the straightforward standard of interest and gracefully has an unmistakable effect. (Request and Supply for Housing). Different explanations for a... (Request and Supply for Housing).Other explanations for an adjustment in property costs can be Mortgages. A home loan is the cash acquired to purchase a house, with respect to the vast majority purchasing a house isn't simple. Throughout the years contract showcase has gotten enormously and the present situation is very surprising from the one that existed in the first place. (The UK Housing Market - Factors Influencing the Housing Market: Mortgages) The national bank of any nation has a money related arrangement and it utilizes the equivalent to direct instrument of the economy and manage such inconsistent swings in the costs of property. Like when it chooses to change the loan cost, the legislature is attempting to check the general use of the economy. An adjustment in financing costs is generally used to contain expansion, which is the consequence of sumptuous use by the nation. The Bank sets a fixed loan fee at which it loans cash to money related foundations and relying upon this loan fee, singular banks and other monetary establishments set up their own financing costs, which apply to the entire economy. This loan cost additionally managed the investment funds in an economy, which in the end brings about capital arrangement and reinvestment. It is remarkable that when loan costs are high, individuals like to put cash in government stores that are less dangerous in nature than the securities exchanges and also high financing costs help up the reserve funds. Lower loan fees make resource and land costs go up, as individuals begin overlooking ordinary sparing instruments and utilize the high development adventures like offers and houses, which pushes up their costs and this is the place the issue of simple accessibility of money crops up.The sub prime emergency began with the sub prime

History and Philosophy of Physical Education and Sport. Academic Essay

History and Philosophy of Physical Education and Sport. Scholastic Secondary Sources and Media Sources paper - Essay Example This program planned for creating and sustaining competitors to win gold awards for the heavenliness of East German. These competitors were yielded for the wonder of the nation. These competitors were treated as exploratory test subjects for execution improving medications and were dropped in the event that they were not profitable (Kremenik et al, 2007). In any case, the realities of the East German case show that the competitors had to utilize the blue steroid pills. The competitors were educated that the pills were nutrient pills. This was a top mystery plan that was spearheaded by the Olympic head, Ewald (Kremenik et al, 2007). As a result of their insatiability for East German’s gloriousness, they misled the competitors and in the long run prompted the disintegration of the wellbeing state of various competitors. Identify that the essential point of Olympics isn't simply breaking records, however the sentiment of vitality that is produced. In the event that games was tied in with breaking records, at that point each competitor would make endeavors to improve their presentation by tying engines on their feet. Doping is a hostile and standard point in games (Pound, 2010). The utilization of medication improving substances not just places the strength of the competitor in harm's way yet in addition dangers losing their decora tion. Competitors speak to the dynamic quality, human wellbeing and the fulfillment of potential. This establishes the reasons why the International Olympics Committee doesn't permit doping. Outstandingly, doping makes games uncalled for (Pound, 2010). Games ought to be reasonable and should offer a ground where the competitors are just separated by the degree of their abilities alone. In any case, the East German case is an alternate situation where the competitors were exposed to the blue steroid pills. The International Olympics Committee was defaced with an immense disengage with logical research and in spite of different explores that were

How to Taper Off Your Antidepressant Medication

How to Taper Off Your Antidepressant Medication Depression Treatment Medication Print How to Taper Off Your Antidepressant Medication What to Know to Avoid Discontinuation Syndrome By Nancy Schimelpfening Nancy Schimelpfening, MS is the administrator for the non-profit depression support group Depression Sanctuary. Nancy has a lifetime of experience with depression, experiencing firsthand how devastating this illness can be. Learn about our editorial policy Nancy Schimelpfening Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on February 04, 2020 Depression Overview Types Symptoms Causes & Risk Factors Diagnosis Treatment Coping ADA & Your Rights Depression in Kids SDI Productions / Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Discontinuation Syndrome Recurrence of Symptoms Before You Taper Guidelines Managing Symptoms View All If youve been taking an antidepressant, you may heard that many people have symptoms when they stop their medications. What do you need to know before discontinuing your antidepressant? Antidepressant Discontinuation Syndrome About 20% of patients who have taken an antidepressant for at least six weeks will develop what is known as discontinuation syndrome if they abruptly stop taking their antidepressant.?? Discontinuation syndrome may include symptoms such as: FatigueNauseaMuscle painInsomniaAnxietyAgitationDizzinessBlurred visionIrritabilityTingling sensationsVivid dreamsSweatingElectric shock sensations Some people describe these symptoms as being similar to a flu infection. The severity of these symptoms can vary significantly. Some people have few or no symptoms when they stop their drug, whereas others may find these symptoms extremely uncomfortable. Because discontinuation syndrome is unpleasant and may interfere with daily functioning, it is wise to gradually taper off your antidepressant rather than stopping cold turkey. Tapering off can help to reduce or even eliminate these symptoms. Discontinuation vs. Recurrence of Disorder Symptoms Its important for people to realize that symptoms related to the discontinuation of antidepressants can be very similar to the symptoms that prompted you to take an antidepressant in the first place. Some people are frightened that their depression or anxiety is returning full force, when actually what they are experiencing is a discontinuation syndrome that will resolve by itself in time. Timing can help you understand the difference. If depression or anxiety recurs after stopping an antidepressant it is often a gradual process that slowly worsens over time. In contrast, symptoms related to antidepressant withdrawal often occur very soon (within a day or so for some drugs) and slowly improve over time.?? Before You Taper Off Your Antidepressant Medication While you may have arrived at this article hoping to find instructions for tapering off on your own, you should always consult with your doctor before you stop taking your antidepressant. First and foremost it is important to determine if you have achieved your therapeutic goals, which are to achieve complete relief from depression symptoms and to restore you to normal functioning. These goals are important because research shows that patients in full remission are less likely to experience future episodes of depression; and, if they do experience an episode, it may take longer for it to develop.?? If your goal in stopping your antidepressant is to avoid side effects of your medication, your doctor may be able to help you find other ways to combat these side effects without stopping treatment. Finally, your doctor can provide you with the benefit of his knowledge and expertise in selecting the best plan for tapering off. Tips to Reduce Antidepressant Discontinuation Symptoms Guidelines for Tapering Off Antidepressants Because there are no clearly established procedures for tapering off individual antidepressants, your doctor will use their clinical judgment to consider several factorsâ€"such as the dose you are taking, how long you have been taking the medication, and the half-life of the drugâ€"to decide what schedule you should follow in tapering off your medication. In addition, your doctor may modify the plan, depending on how you respond. Keep in mind that your tapering schedule is subject to change, and your doctor may recommend either weaning more rapidly or more slowly depending on your symptoms. Some medications may not require tapering. Whether or not you will need to taper your medication depends on the medications half-life. The half-life of a drug refers to the time at which half of the medication is eliminated from your body and half remains. This amount of time can vary tremendously between different drugs. Some antidepressants such as Paxil (paroxetine) and Zoloft (sertraline) have relatively short half-lives. The drug gets out of your system quite rapidly. Others, such as Prozac (fluoxetine), have long half-lives. These medications slowly disappear from your bloodstream over time and, in a sense, wean themselves.?? General Tapering Guidelines There are some general guidelines for tapering off an antidepressant medication, which include the following:Discuss changes with your doctor before starting the tapering process.Taper off the medication gradually; this means taking smaller and smaller doses of the medication over time.It may be possible to discontinue a medication more quickly if the dose was low to begin with.Discontinuation may take longer if the patient has been on the drug for an extended period of time.It may be possible to stop Prozac (fluoxetine) without tapering, due to its relatively long half-life. What If I Still Have Symptoms While Tapering Off? Even with a gradual taper, it is possible that you will still experience discontinuation symptoms. In this case, your doctor may have you resume your medication and taper off more slowly. Another option is the administration of drugs to alleviate individual symptoms, such as a benzodiazepine like Valium (diazepam) or Librium (chlordiazepoxide) for anxiety, or a motion sickness drug like Bonine (meclizine) or Dramamine (dimenhydrinate) for dizziness. A Word From Verywell Its important to remember that everyone is different when it comes to weaning off antidepressants. Some people are able to stop their antidepressantâ€"even those with a short halfâ€"relatively quickly without any significant symptoms. Others may have more bothersome symptoms, and require the drug to be tapered slowly, over a period of weeks or even months. If you are frustrated that you need to taper slowly, look back at where you came from. If you have worked your way through depression or anxiety and achieved your goal of complete relief, commend yourself on your progress. Be patient and easy on yourself and celebrate how far you have come. The vast majority of people are able to wean themselves off of these drugs in a matter of time. How to Stop Taking SSRI Antidepressants Safely

The Importance of Preserving Traditional Family Values to...

We live in a culture where we fear each other, hate each other, and even kill each other. How bad do things in our culture have to get before we stop and look at what brought us to this place? I believe that a key part of the answer to that question lies in the family. Although I know there are many good single parents in our culture I want to draw focus to the traditional family as I write this. If we look up the definition of the traditional family we find that it is a basic social unit consisting of parents and their children. Since time began this was how the family was meant to be. A mother and father jointly raising their offspring with their values and beliefs so that those offspring would then continue to improve their†¦show more content†¦Co-director of the National Marriage Project, Barbara Doafoe Whitehead found that Psychologist and Researcher â€Å"Judith Wallerstein challenged the earlier notion that divorce is healthy for kids† (322). Wallerstein went on to do a study of middle-class families who had gone through a divorce (322). What she found was â€Å"Almost half of the children in the study entered adulthood as worried, underachieving, self-deprecating, and sometimes angry young men and women† (322). This helps us see that when mothers and fathers stay together they have more of an opportunity to raise their children with the love, values, and self-worth needed to succeed with resorting to hate and crime. Having a pleasant and sincere family can also create a support system that will help us with our daily struggles in life. The support we get from family can help us succeed in many ways. I know from personal experience that the support I receive from my family has given me the determination to go back to school, as a result, contributing to our culture when I graduate. Although I have considered it many times throughout the years, if it were not for the guidance and persuasion of my family I never would hav e had the confidence to follow through with those thoughts. The encouragement we get from ourShow MoreRelatedThe Decline Of Marriage And Family Life1347 Words   |  6 PagesThe concept of a traditional American family has been profoundly changed over the last 100 years. Fewer marriages are forming, divorce rates are higher than ever, and childlessness is much more common. The decline of marriage and family life seems to be the inevitable product of progressive ideas and modern socio-political conditions. Feminist and contemporary liberal critics of marriage and family life appeal to individual rights, liberty, consent, equality, and love as they seek to dismantle andRead MoreTraditionally, A Common Hmong’S Custom Is That A Soul Can1180 Words   |  5 Pagesbody and a shaman possesses power to control spiritual forces. Therefore, a shaman is capable of healing illnesses at the spiritual level. The Hmong have a belief that ancestral spirits, including the spirits of shamans are reincarnated into the same family tree. The Hmong’s believe in their Shaman more than western doctors. They prefer to perform their treatment by hosting their rituals to save and cure their sicknesses. Unfortunately, the major problem that Hmong refugees encounter upon arrival toRead MoreThe Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down By Anne Fadiman Essay1533 Words   |  7 PagesI remember myself traveling away from my country at the age of twenty-one. Although I was very excited about the idea of venturing to a new place, I also felt the fear and sadness of separating from my family. As soon as I arrived in America, I was assisted to my residence; a single room provided for the nurses and the resident s doctor at the hospital. Alone in my room and unable to go to sleep, I could hear the echo of the neighbors conversation yet the isolation and helplessness being in a foreignRead MoreCultural Diversity in the Healthcare Field Essay examples1459 Words   |  6 Pagessubmitte d on September 16, 2010, for Vicky Philips English class at Rasmussen College by Carl Hooks Cultural diversity in the medical field is, at times, greatly hindered because of religious beliefs, language barriers, and the hierarchies of diverse cultures and these have the propensity to affect the continuity of care for the patients. â€Å"Every person has different aspects that constitute their identities, according to how they see themselves†¦.This means that seeing an individual in terms of their identityRead MoreAnalysis Of Louise Erdrich s Love Medicine Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesIn Love Medicine by Louise Erdrich, the characters all face societal expectations that shape their identities and actions, including ideas about their lives as Native Americans and as women. 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The following research will highlight the importance of preserving and rediscovering the cultural heritage areas of Pune which can help develop and retainRead MoreEssay on Chinese Culture vs. Western and American Culture3118 Words   |  13 Pages Chinese Culture vs. Western and American Culture There are many different aspects on Ancient Chinese culture that differ from Western and American culture. Many things such as education, marriage, and community type can be different from what we have in our Western civilization. Although Chinese culture has evolved through many, many years some ancient traditions still uphold. There are a wide variety of differences between the Chinese and Western cultures forms of art and literature. One example

Essay about Discrepancy in Media Coverage - 2533 Words

The discrepancies in media coverage in coverage of female and children athletics have large gaps, but are gaining momentum in sharing equality. Major athletic leagues such as the NBA and FIFA World Cup have wide gaps in marketing and ratings for their male and female athletes. Children are future athletes and superstars, but as funding and coverage in athletics catering to the males, women are breaking the barriers to be in the spotlight of sport. Both gender contribute equally to athletics, and challenge the each other to accept new ideas and change. The sports world that has a single gender dominating the media is unjust. Society does not want to bored, we need change in sports entertainment to cater to all. Not all parents and teachers†¦show more content†¦As a result, there are few females in sporting activities in the media. Hence, female students never have role models to idolize in sports. Boys find several sources of motivation to participate in sports. However, the discrepancy in media coverage is getting better with time. There is a realization of the importance of balanced attention with regard to gender in sports programs. Therefore, there are increased efforts to ensure that several sport programs show women participating in games. This will lead to a better perception of sports by girls. Eventually, girls will change their attitude about sports. While significant changes have been made towards equity in athletics, we must still continue to watch and record our progress and make sure that our society’s young women have the rights and opportunities that we all have as human beings. A study shows that high school girls still receive almost 1 million fewer opportunities to play sports than high school as boys do (Andrew 329). 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Tobacco Advertising Is Illegal but Alcohol Is Not Free Essays

string(100) " such as cirrhosis of the liver accounted for over 1400 deaths in 2003 \(Statistics Canada, 2009\)\." COMM 3P14 – Media Industries Tobacco Advertising is Illegal, but Advertising for Alcohol is not, Is This Hypocritical? Rebecca Stewart 4574927 Russell Johnston Seminar 3 November 11, 2012 Advertisements are a vital part of any company’s marketing strategy, and are used to inform or persuade an audience about a certain product or service. In fact, North American companies are among the world’s highest advertisers (Boone et al. , 2010, 502). We will write a custom essay sample on Tobacco Advertising Is Illegal but Alcohol Is Not or any similar topic only for you Order Now Today, an average consumer is exposed to hundreds of advertisements every day. It is when these companies attempt to promote a dangerous product that restrictions must be, and have been put in place. For several years, Canada’s regulations on tobacco advertisements have become stricter, while alcohol advertisements are still permitted across multiple mediums. This leads one to question the difference between the two substances, and if this notion is in fact hypocritical. The stakeholders identified in this paper are the viewers and listeners of the advertisements, specifically the youth audience. The principles involved with alcohol promotion are examined with a lens that incorporates the views of Horkheimer and Adorno’s perspective on advertising. Along with a brief history of tobacco advertising regulations, this paper will discuss the ethical issues involved in alcohol advertising, and evidence to support that alcoholic products are no less of a danger than tobacco, and should have the same advertising restrictions. There is also evidence to suggest that the majority of Canadians are in favour of tighter restrictions on alcohol advertising. The current hypocritical state of allowing alcohol to be advertised, but removing all tobacco related marketing is further discussed in detail. Literature Review Not only is advertising illegal for tobacco companies, retailers are now obligated to remove these products from sight. Cigarette companies are also no longer permitted to label their product as light or mild on the package (Pollay, 2004, 80). The first Canadian legislation successfully passed in favour of advertising regulations was the Tobacco Act of 1997 (Pollay, 2004, 80). Health Canada created provisions in this act such as, tobacco products must not be promoted, and all manufacturers must share information about the product’s emissions and health hazards arising from use of the product on the packaging (Health Canada, 2011). The intent of this act was to protect young people and others from being encouraged to try tobacco related products without being informed of the dangers to their health (Polley, 2004, 81). The belief was that tobacco ads were aimed at new smokers, and that companies were trying to attract young people towards their brand. This idea is plausible because in order to maintain a strong business over a long period of time, new users must be targeted. Further, there is evidence supporting the fact that current smokers are not likely to be converted to another brand, making youth targeted advertisements more likely (Polley, 2004, 83). There was pressure to strengthen the advertising restrictions after countless health risks and deaths were attributed to smoking. â€Å"Smoking has been estimated to result in roughly 45,000 deaths annually and is a major cause of respiratory disease, cancer and circulatory disease† (Sen, 2009, 189). A study conducted by the American Journal of Public Health looked at 481 randomly selected tobacco retailers after the product display ban to understand the changes that resulted in tobacco promotion (Cohen et al. , 2011, 1879). Their study revealed that this ban successfully limited the exposure of tobacco products, and demonstrated the importance of a complete ban on retail tobacco displays (Cohen et al. , 2011, 1880). Clearly, limiting advertising exposure to hazardous products such as cigarettes truly limits consumer exposure, and thus promotes the idea of a healthy public. Since these ad regulations have proved to be a success, it would likely have a very similar effect when applied to alcohol. Ethics is an essential consideration in the world of advertising. Marketers should make responsible decisions, and not just focus on generating profits, because it is legal. â€Å"Ads should address audiences not just as consumers who care about material interests but as citizens who care about social virtues and the public good† (Hove, 2009, 35). The idea of advertising alcoholic beverages is unethical. While there are mild restrictions in Canada regarding alcohol promotions, there is a demand for more. Some provinces run ads that promote responsible drinking, or the dangers of drinking and driving in an attempt to shed light on alcohol abuse (Boone, 2010, 525). However, these attempts do not cancel out the multitude of beer and liquor advertisements in today’s media. Some alcohol advertisements include the ideology that drinking a certain brand of beer will influence their social class, or improve their quality of life in some way. This is extremely controversial. An article from the South African Journal of Psychology notes, â€Å"there are no laws against [alcohol] advertisements; however, responsible corporate and professional action, would prevent the use of these advertisements from a social and moral standpoint† (Dubihela Dubihela, 2011, 209). Clearly, an ethical dilemma is present. The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission is one organization that has viewed alcohol advertisements critically. Since 1968 they have required broadcasters to report the number of alcohol related messages broadcasted annually (CRTC, 2011). The messages also must adhere to their Code for Broadcast of Alcoholic Beverages (CRTC, 2011). This code includes provisions to ensure promotions for alcoholic beverages do not encourage non-drinkers or young people to drink or purchase alcohol, imply a certain brand is superior because of a higher alcohol percentage, and that consumption of alcohol enhances enjoyment of an activity (CRTC 2011). These regulations are far more lenient compared to the restrictions on tobacco advertising. Advertising Standards Canada has now gained responsibility to review advertisements concerning alcohol to ensure they are in accordance with the CRTC’s code (Darling, 1996). Moreover, alcohol is just as dangerous to society as tobacco. Statistics Canada shows that alcohol use by drivers was a factor in nearly 30% of motor vehicle related deaths from 2003-2005 (Statistics Canada, 2011). Also, deaths from other alcohol related disorders such as cirrhosis of the liver accounted for over 1400 deaths in 2003 (Statistics Canada, 2009). You read "Tobacco Advertising Is Illegal but Alcohol Is Not" in category "Essay examples" The most relevant stakeholders in this issue, young people, are severely affected by alcohol use in Canada. In 2011, 13. 2% of Canadian youth ages 12 to 19 fell under the heavy drinker category, that is, consuming 5 or more drinks on one occasion at least once a month (Statistics Canada, 2011). Similarly, â€Å"the rate of persons accused of impaired driving offences was highest among young adults between the ages of 19 and 24† (Statistics Canada, 2011). Additionally, 28. 8% of Canadian students admitted to being driven by someone who was legally impaired (Statistics Canada, 2011). Many Canadians support the public opinion that seeks to enforce stricter regulations when it comes to alcohol products. A study from the Drug and Alcohol Review Journal reports that 50. 1% of Canadians agree with prohibiting alcohol advertising (Macdonald et al. , 2011, 653). Similarly, 47. 4% thought the current legal drinking age of nineteen should be increased, and 40. 1% believed taxes on alcoholic beverages should be raised (Macdonald et al. , 2011, 653). These kinds of changes would make alcohol less available or attractive to young adults. The CRTC’s report that outlines the framework for their advertising regulations states, â€Å"parties argued that excessive alcohol consumption is as dangerous as smoking and, therefore, should be treated in the same way: the consumer should be warned of the dangers associated with abusive consumption† (Darling, 1996). Clearly, encouraging the sale of any product that can cause this kind of harm is morally irresponsible. Evidently, many Canadians believe alcohol is a dangerous substance that should not be easily accessible to young people. Establish an Interpretive Context This research is used to establish whether or not a bias exists. The death and disease rate caused by both alcohol and tobacco is examined to prove that hypocrisy is present. Harmful effects caused by the use of alcohol and tobacco is compared to uncover why this imbalance of advertising restriction is unjust. This is not to say that tobacco products should be reintroduced, but that both substances should be eliminated from media advertising altogether. Furthermore, the views of actual Canadians are considered because this fosters a public sphere and forms a widespread opinion on the issue. Also taken into account is the amount of time spent with media by Canadians and specifically young people. Statistics that outline hours spent watching television and surfing the web will be considered. The best outcome for this situation is to restrict alcohol advertisements based on the same grounds outlined in the Tobacco Act. Discussion After reviewing the available data, it is clear an unjust bias exists. The position of this discussion remains that alcohol should be eliminated from advertising for the same reasons tobacco is. Tobacco has been restricted from advertising based on major health concerns, and in an attempt to deter youth from smoking. These same properties are present, and even heightened, with alcohol. â€Å"Some parties, including government representatives, stated that anyone involved with the sale of alcoholic beverages should have the opportunity to advertise their products† (Darling, 1996). Since evidence categorizes both alcohol and tobacco as dangerous substances, both should be treated the same way with regards to advertising. Alcohol has proven to be even more dangerous than tobacco in some cases. The immediate effects are particularly alarming. Consumption of alcohol can alter one’s state of mind, causing negative health effects, accidents and addiction in some cases. The Canadian Public Health Association reports, â€Å"drinking too much alcohol in a short period of time can lead to poor judgment, impulsive behaviour and alcohol poisoning† (CPHA, 2008). Alcohol poisoning can contribute to long-term health problems and even death. Also of concern are the permanent consequences of long term drinking. Serious conditions such as, brain damage, certain cancers, cirrhosis of the liver, and sexual problems are attributed to alcohol abuse (CPHA, 2008). In addition to life threatening illnesses, withdrawal symptoms can also occur when heavy drinkers suddenly stop consuming alcohol. These symptoms include but are not limited to insomnia, sweating, tremors, and convulsions (CPHA, 2008). Clearly the additive properties of alcohol are similar to tobacco, and should therefore be handled the same way in advertisement laws. Problems with mental health can also be found with alcohol abuse. According to the Canadian Community Health Survey, â€Å"fifteen percent of people who were alcohol-dependent have experienced major depressive episodes† (Tjekpema, 2004). Also, women who consume alcohol while pregnant are of grave concern. Regular alcohol intake during pregnancy can lead to miscarriages, low birth weight, and genital malformations in boys (Damgaard et al. , 2007, 272). â€Å"Children born to women who consume alcohol during pregnancy may exhibit a range of abnormalities and developmental deficits that together are termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders† (Kobor Weinberg, 2011, 29). These preventable defects are another reason why alcohol should be considered as dangerous as tobacco. Overall, the negative statistics for alcohol are no less alarming than they are for tobacco. In 2011, 10. 1% of 15 to 17 year olds considered themselves smokers (Statistics Canada 2011). This is substantially lower than the 13. 2% of Canadian youth who fall under the category of heavy drinkers, not to mention the 30% of motor vehicle accidents that are alcohol related. These contrasting statistics speak for themselves, and prove the hypocritical nature of only banning tobacco advertising. Alcohol brands use effective marketing strategies that specifically reach a youth audience, the main stakeholder in this issue. Since the ‘young market’ is attractive to advertisers, their ads frequently catch the eye of people aged 15 to 34 (Novak, 2004). Celebrity endorsements are one way marketers attempt to sell their product to young people. Dan Aykroyd, Zak Galifianakis, and Will Ferrell are just a few celebrities who have endorsed popular alcohol brands (Novak, 2004). These people are relevant to Canadian youth, and they may be inclined to purchase the same brand of alcohol as one of their favourite celebrities. Moreover, 20. 1% of males and females ages 18 to 22 claimed to watch 15 or more hours of television per week (Statistics Canada, 2007). This is a large portion of young people who are subject to the dozens of alcohol advertisements broadcast each day. Alcohol advertisements are not limited to radio and television broadcasting. Many brands are turning to the Internet and social media to promote their products. This is problematic. According to a 2009 survey by Statistics Canada, 82. 9% of Canadians ages 34 and younger claimed to use the Internet at lease once a day, and 86% of these users went online for social media purposes (Statistics Canada, 2009). The government should implement restrictions on encouraging the sale of alcohol to a youth audience. They act as a legitimate spokesperson because they look out for citizen’s best interests. The reasoning behind banning tobacco advertising stemmed from the health hazards and dangers associated with smoking, and the same should be true for alcohol. Some parties argue that there is no scientific evidence linking advertising to overconsumption or underage drinking. If this is true, then the same can be said for tobacco products. However, polls taken in 2011 show that tobacco use fell rapidly amongst teenagers 15 to 19 years of age, shortly after the ban was placed (Goldfarb, 2011, 209). If these restrictions were applied to alcohol products, similar results could be expected. This issue fits into the realm of communication theory. As Horkheimer and Adorno proclaim, the direction of society, â€Å"is incarnate in the subjective purposes of company directors. Production is geared primarily towards profit, not towards the satisfaction of human need or use value† (Johnston, lecture, 2012). Advertising executives constantly make decisions based purely on profit instead of taking culture into consideration. Their ads are intended to increase sales and attract new customers of any age. This is problematic on a youth audience. These theorists proclaim that the audience has no choice in the matter (Johnston, lecture, 2012). â€Å"If all culture is enmeshed in the capitalist marketplace then all cultural products espouse the ruling ideology† (Johnston, lecture, 2012). This ideology is business. The government needs to intervene in this cycle so that ethics and moral responsibility are taken into consideration, just as they were with the tobacco advertisement ban. Conclusion If tobacco advertising was banned because it was considered wrong to encourage a habit that causes such detrimental effects, should not the same be true for alcohol? This bias is hypocritical because the government deemed it necessary to intervene when it came to tobacco advertising, and alcohol should not be overlooked. Smoking and alcohol consumption take away people’s lives at the height of their productivity (Jiloha, 2012, 65). By keeping these activities out of the media, youth can be deterred from engaging in them. In fact, advertising has profound consequences. Its persuasiveness and lack of information give audiences a false sense of what the product at hand really is (Hove, 2009, 36). Advertising experts should focus their attention on directing youth audiences against dangerous habits such as smoking and drinking, instead of encouraging them through advertising. While there is no scientific link connecting advertising to over consumption of alcohol, the decrease in young smokers as previously mentioned after the tobacco retail display ban gives reason to assume the same could be true for alcohol. If tighter restrictions are put in place to limit promotion of these products, it could help discourage Canadians from underage drinking, or over consumption. The current state of applying restrictions only to the tobacco industry is hypocritical when compared to the equally dangerous properties of alcohol. Works Cited Boone, Kurtz, Mackenzie Snow (2010). Advertising and Public Relations. Contemporary Marketing, Second Canadian Edition. Toronto: Nelson Education. 500-532. Canada’s Public Health Association. How does alcohol affect health? Canada’s Public Health Leader. November 1, 2012 URL: http://www. cpha. ca/en/portals/substance/health/faq01. aspx Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunication Commission. (August 1, 1996). Code for Broadcast Advertising of Alcoholic Beverages. November 2, 2012, URL: http://www. crtc. gc. ca/eng/general/codes/alcohol. htm Damgaard, I. N. , Jensen, T. K. , Petersen, J. H. , Skakkeb? k, N. E. , Toppari, J. Main, K. M. , The Nordic Cryptorchidism Study, G. (2007). Cryptorchidism and Maternal Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy. Environmental Health Perspectives, 115(2), 272-277. Dubihlela, J. , Dubihlela, D. (2011). Youth attitudes towards advertisements depicting nudity and alcohol: ethical dilemmas in advertising. South African Journal Of Psychology, 41(2), 207-217. Goldfarb, A. , Tucker, C. (2011). Advertising bans and the substitutability of online and offline advertising. Journal Of Marketing Research, 48(2), 207-227. doi:10. 1509/jmkr. 48. 2. 207 Health Canada. (2011). Tobacco Act. Health Canada. November 1, 2012, URL: http://www. hc-sc. gc. ca/hc-ps/tobac-tabac/legislation/federal/tobac-tabac-eng. php Hove, T. (2009). ADVERTISING, ETHICS, AND THE CITIZEN-CONSUMER. American Academy Of Advertising Conference Proceedings, 35-36. Jiloha, R. C. (2012). Tobacco smoking: How far do the legislative control measures address the problem?. Indian Journal Of Psychiatry, 54(1), 64-68. doi:10. 4103/0019-5545. 94651 Johnston, R. (2012 September). The Public Sphere. Lecture conducted from Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario. Kobor, M. S. , Weinberg, J. (2011). FOCUS ON: EPIGENETICS AND FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS. Alcohol Research Health, 34(1), 29-37. MacDonald, S. , Stockwell, T. , Luo, J. (2011). The relationship between alcohol problems, perceived risks and attitudes toward alcohol policy in Canada. Drug And Alcohol Review, 30(6), 652-658. doi:10. 1111/j. 1465-3362. 2010. 00259. x Novak, J (2004) Alcohol Promotion and The Marketing Industy. York Univeristy: The Association to Reduce Alcohol Promotion in Ontario. Pollay, R. W. (2004). Considering the Evidence, No Wonder the Court Endorses Canada’s Restrictions on Cigarette Advertising. Journal Of Public Policy ; Marketing, 23(1), 80-88. Sen, A. (2009). Estimating the impacts of household behavior on youth smoking: evidence from Ontario, Canada. Review Of Economics Of The Household, 7(2), 189-218. doi:10. 1007/s11150-008-9046-11 Statistics Canada. (2007). Prevalence of and adjusted odds ratios for viewing television 15 or more hours per week, by selected characteristics, household population aged 20 years or older. November 1, 2012. URL: http://www. statcan. gc. ca/pub/82-003-x/2008002/article/10600/t/5202428-eng. htm Statistics Canada (2009). Internet use by individuals, by selected frequency of use and age. November 1, 2012. URL: http://www. statcan. gc. ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/comm32a-eng. htm Statistics Canada (2009). Deaths by cause. October 31, 2012. URL: http://www5. statcan. gc. ca/cansim/pick-choisir? lang=eng;p2=33;id=1020525 Statistics Canada. (2011). Heavy Drinking by age group and sex. November 1, 2012. URL: http://www. statcan. gc. ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/health79a-eng. htm Tjepkema, M. (2004). In Alcohol and Illicit Drug Dependence. Statistics Canada, Catalogue 15. How to cite Tobacco Advertising Is Illegal but Alcohol Is Not, Essay examples

Pride and Prejudice Study Guide

'Pride and Prejudice' Study Guide Pride and Prejudice is a novel by Jane Austen that satirizes issues of marriage and social class. It follows the relationship between the quick-to-judge Elizabeth Bennet and the haughty Mr. Darcy as both learn to mend their errors in judgment and look beyond markers of social status. First published in 1813, the bitingly funny romantic comedy has endured as both a popular favorite and a literary classic. Fast Facts: Pride and Prejudice Author: Jane AustenPublisher: Thomas Egerton, WhitehallYear Published: 1813Genre: Comedy of mannersType of Work: NovelOriginal Language: EnglishThemes: Love, marriage, pride, social class, wealth, prejudiceCharacters: Elizabeth Bennet, Fitzwilliam Darcy, Jane Bennet, Charles Bingley, George Wickham, Lydia Bennet, William CollinsNotable Adaptations: 1940 film, 1995 television miniseries (BBC), 2005 filmFun Fact: Researchers named a pheromone in male mice that attracts females â€Å"Darcin† after Mr. Darcy. Plot Summary Pride and Prejudice opens with the Bennet familys reaction to a bit of social news: the nearby Netherfield house has been leased to Mr. Bingley, a wealthy and single young man. Mrs. Bennet expresses the belief that Bingley will fall in love with one of her daughters. Her prediction proves true at the neighborhood ball, where Bingley and the sweet eldest Bennet daughter, Jane, fall in love at first sight. At the same ball, the strong-willed second daughter Elizabeth Bennet finds herself the object of disdain from Bingley’s arrogant, antisocial friend Darcy. Caroline Bingley and Mr. Darcy convince Mr. Bingley of Jane’s disinterest and separate the couple. Elizabeth’s distaste for Darcy only grows when she befriends Wickham, a young militiaman who claims that Darcy ruined his livelihood out of spite. Darcy expresses interest in Elizabeth, but Elizabeth harshly rejects Darcy’s self-absorbed proposal of marriage. The truth soon unravels. It is revealed that Wickham spent all the money Darcy’s father left him and then tried to seduce Darcy’s younger sister. During a trip with her aunt and uncle, Elizabeth visits Darcy’s estate, Pemberley, where she begins to view Darcy in a better light. Her positive impression of Darcy grows when she learns that he has secretly used his own money to convince Wickham to marry, rather than abandon, her sister Lydia Bennet. Darcys aunt, Lady Catherine, demands that Darcy marry her daughter, but her plan backfires and instead leads to Darcy and Elizabeth finding their romantic happiness alongside a reunited Jane and Bingley. Major Characters Elizabeth Bennet. The second of the five Bennet daughters, Elizabeth (â€Å"Lizzy†) is the story’s protagonist. Playful and intelligent, she prizes her ability to make judgments quickly. Her journey of self-discovery is at the heart of the story, as she learns how to discern the truth beneath first impressions. Fitzwilliam Darcy. Mr. Darcy is a haughty and wealthy landowner who snubs Elizabeth when they first meet. He is proud of his social status and is frustrated with his own attraction to Elizabeth but, like her, he learns to overcome his previous judgments to come to a truer perspective. Jane Bennet. The sweet, pretty eldest Bennet daughter. She falls in love with Charles Bingley, Her kind, nonjudgmental nature leads her to overlook Caroline Bingley’s malice until it is almost too late. Charles Bingley. Polite, open-hearted, and a little naà ¯ve, Bingley is a close friend of Darcy. He is easily influenced by Darcy’s opinions. He falls in love with Jane but is persuaded away from her, although he learns the truth in time to make amends. George Wickham. An outwardly charming soldier, Wickham’s pleasant demeanor hides a selfish, manipulative core. Though he presents himself as a victim of Darcy’s pride, he is revealed to be the problem himself. He continues his bad behavior by seducing young Lydia Bennet. Major Themes Love and Marriage. The novel focuses on the obstacles to, and the reasons for, romantic love. Most notably, it satirizes expectations about marriages of convenience and suggests that genuine compatibility and attraction- as well as honesty and respect- are the foundations of the best matches. Characters who try to subvert this thesis are the targets of the book’s biting satire. Pride. In the novel, uncontrolled pride is one of the biggest obstacles to the characters’ happiness. In particular, pride based on notions of class and status is framed as ridiculous and unfounded in real values. Prejudice. Making judgments about others can be useful, but not when those judgments are formed erroneously or quickly. The novel posits that overly confident prejudice must be overcome and tempered before the characters can reach happiness. Social Status. Austen famously satirizes the manners and obsessions of class distinctions. While none of the characters are socially mobile in the modern sense, obsessions with status are presented as foolish and arrogant. Wealth and inheritance do matter, though, as evidenced by Mr. Collins’ presence as Mr. Bennet’s heir. Literary Style Austen’s writing is famous for one particular literary device: free indirect discourse. Free indirect discourse is the technique of writing thoughts that seem to come from an individual characters mind, without shifting into first-person narration or using action tags such as she thought. This device gives readers access to inner thoughts and helps to solidify the characters’ unique voices. The novel was written in the Romantic period of literature, which was at its peak in the first half of the 19th century. The movement, which was a reaction against the onslaught of industrialism and rationalism, emphasized individuals and their emotions. Austen’s work fits into this framework to a degree, as it emphasizes decidedly non-industrial contexts and focuses primarily on the emotional lives of richly drawn individual characters. About the Author Born in 1775, Jane Austen is best known for her sharp observations of a small social circle: country gentry, with a few lower-tier military families in the mix. Her work prized the inner lives of women, featuring complicated characters who were flawed yet likable and whose internal conflicts were as important as their romantic entanglements. Austen shied away from over-sentimentality, preferring instead to mix heartfelt emotions with a helping of pointed wit.